Which statement is true about Cyber Physical Systems?

Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) are characterized by their integration of physical processes with computational resources. The correct answer highlights the essential nature of CPS, which involves the combination of physical components, such as sensors and actuators, with software systems that process data and make decisions. This interplay allows CPS to monitor and control physical systems in real-time, enabling them to adapt to changes in their environments and perform complex tasks that require both computational logic and physical interaction.

Understanding this integration is critical because it allows for sophisticated applications such as automated transportation systems, smart grids, and advanced manufacturing processes. CPS can gather data from their physical surroundings, analyze that information, and then translate it into actions that affect the physical world, thereby enhancing efficiency and functionality.

The other options do not accurately reflect the nature of Cyber Physical Systems. Some erroneously imply limitations or characteristics that don't define CPS, such as operating solely in closed loop environments or being completely reliant on manual inputs. By recognizing that CPS exist at the intersection of hardware and software, it becomes clear why the combination and interaction with the physical world is fundamental to their purpose and operation.